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Critical Point Apparatus |
Study the compression and liquifaction of a gas with this precision apparatus also designed to determine the critical point and record isotherms in p-V (Clapeyron) diagrams. The test gas used in the device is sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), which has a critical temperature of 318.6 K (45.5°C) and a critical pressure of 3.76 MPa (37.6 bars), allowing for a simple experiment set-up. The apparatus includes a transparent measuring cell that is highly resistant to leakage and compression for ultimate student safety. Through a finely adjustable handwhell, the volume inside the cell is changed and then indicated by a combination fixed and rotary scale. This measurement is highly accurate to 1/1000 of the maximum volume.
Pressure is generated by a hydraulic system containing castor oil of medically approved quality. The pressure gradient between the measuring cell and oil chamber is negligible, because the measuring cell and hydraulic system are separated by a cap seal, which rolls in as the volume increases. A manometer measures gas pressure instead of oil pressure without taking up any dead space inside the measuring cell. During transitions from the gaseous to the liquid phases and vice versa, it is therefore possible to observe the formation of the first drops of liquid and disappearance of the last gas bubbles. The measuring cell is enclosed in a transparent water chamber. A circulation thermostat allows the temperature to be maintained at a highly constant value, which can be monitored by means of a thermometer. Practical indications of the volume, pressure and temperature make for easy recording of p-V or pV-p diagrams for qualitatively correct results. Pressure and temperature-dependent volumetric corrections also provide a high degree of accuracy compared with standard reference values.
The apparatus includes a built-in safeguarded connection nozzle for MINICAN® gas canisters and fitting for copper connection to regulator. Required materials, available separately, include an Immersion/Circulation Thermostat (WLS-1802-61); a Type K, NiCr-Ni Immersion Sensor (-65°C–550°C); one meter of silicone tubing; sulphur hexafluoride; and a digital thermometer.
Specifications:
Critical temperature: 318.6 K (45.5°C)
Critical pressure: 3.76 MPa (37.6 bars)
Critical volume: 197.4 cm3/mol
Critical density: 0.74 g/mol
Temperature range: 10–60°C
Maximum pressure: 6.0 MPa (60 bars)
Maximum volume: 15.7cm3
Manometer diameter: 16cm
Bore for temperature sensor: 6 mm dia.
Temperature control connections: 7 mm dia.
Reducing valve connection: 1/8″dia.
Standard gas connection: 3.5 mm dia.
Size: 38 x 20 x 40cm
Weight: 15 lbs.
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